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So true,eventhough this low tone is not really produced,nevertheless we can "hear" it. The reason is simple.Our ears can also be tricked-or missinterpret- an acoustic effect,like our visible recognition. In this case,we hear from a bell all overtones/harmonics,but the "Base Tone" is physical missing.Our brain now adds this missing first harmonic to the reall appearing overtones and so we hear also this low base-overtone of the harmonic spectrum of the bell. This effect is also used for such devices like Subharmonic Exciters and Psychoacoustic-effects devices.Bring in the sound more bass,without changing the volume of a signal. There are also other nice audiorelated phenomens to trick our audible recognition.Like the Sheppards Effect,with an infinitley,decreasing sound. Martin Allan Hoeltje schrieb: > > First, let me apologize if I've been dragging this bowl thread on too > long. Personally, I've found the discussion to be very interesting and > relevant to Looper business. If it hasn't been resonating for you hit > delete now. > > Second, someone here (don't remember who and it's been deleted) said it > is physically impossible for singing bowls to produce the low tone that > you hear. Maybe what they really meant was "physically incredible" > because, since you _do_ hear the tone, it is indeed possible. I > remember some years ago reading about bells and the mathematical formula > for determining the "perceived" fundamental frequency. The word > perceived is important here because bells are not like organ pipes or > strings. Organ pipes and strings actually produce their fundamental > tone. Bells do not. > > Bells produce overtones of what we perceive to be the fundamental tone. > This is were my memory escapes me but I seem to remember that a bell > produces a low frequency vibration which is below human hearing and > overtones which we do hear. It is the sums and differences of this > inaudible low tone and the interaction with the overtones which produce > the perceived fundamental. This is also why the sound of a bell seems > to come not from the bell but from the space around it. No mystical > mystery, just nature being its wondrous self. :-) > > Third, I have not procured a real Tibetan singing bowl yet but last > night I was feeding my two cats. One of their bowls is a 6" stainless > steel bowl. It dawned on me that it came from a set of six bowls of > increasing size up to 16" in diameter. Imagine my surprise when I took > a wooden potato masher and rubbed the edge of the 16" bowl with just the > right circular motion. My 18 year old cat is stone deaf but he stared > at me mesmerized by the intense low sound emanating from the bowl - it > was probably the first thing he has "heard" in years! I am sure > stainless steel is no substitute for high quality bronze alloy so I can > only imagine what a real 16" singing bowl must be like. > > Anyway, once again the folks on Looper's Delight have directed my sonic > fascination on to a new and exciting tangent. Singing bowls are now on > my "must get" list of looper gear. Thanks to all who have contributed! > > -Allan