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At 10:21 AM 5/26/2003, Geoff Smith wrote: >Chapter 2 >The Pre-History Of Live-Looping and The Figures That Would Inspire Its >Creation. >Musique Concrete The Beginnings of Tape based music. etc etc >Cage you mention musique concrete and then go on to discuss Cage, but what about Karlheinz Stockhausen? He is certainly a big influence on electronic music in general, and it seems to me more relevant to looping than Cage. Stockhausen was also a big influence on very loop oriented groups like Can, Tangerine Dream, and Kraftwerk, as well as Eno a bit later. I think Can actually used looping with tapes, while Tangerine Dream and Kraftwerk used analog arpeggiators and sequencers to get similar effects. I think all of those went on to have a far bigger influence on loop based music today than any of the more academic composers of the sf tape center. That krautrock scene, and I think especially Kraftwerk, was a key foundation for loop based music like techno, hip hop, new wave rock, etc. kim ______________________________________________________________________ Kim Flint | Looper's Delight kflint@loopers-delight.com | http://www.loopers-delight.com